The International Monitoring System's seismic measuring network consists of 170 stations in 76 countries. Fifty of these stations send their data to the International Data Centre (IDC) around the clock, while the other 120 make their data available upon request from the IDC. The stations are the same seismic stations used for earthquake monitoring or for scientific purposes. They are usually also part of the respective national networks, although they must meet certain quality standards. The SED oversees one of these, the DAVOX station.
This video explains how the CTBTO's seismic monitoring system works: